{"id":2349,"date":"2020-04-29T05:21:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-29T03:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uus.osaservice.ee\/?p=2349"},"modified":"2023-07-19T11:37:38","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T09:37:38","slug":"polevkivist-ja-polevkivituhast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/uncategorized\/polevkivist-ja-polevkivituhast\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00f5levkivist ja p\u00f5levkivituhast"},"content":{"rendered":"
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P\u00f5levkivi on kerogeeni sisaldav peenkihiline musta v\u00f5i pruuni v\u00e4rvi settekivim. P\u00f5levkivi koosneb mittet\u00e4ielikult lagunenud orgaanilisest ainest (kuni 70% ulatuses) ja mitmesugustest mineraalidest. Orgaaniline aines koosneb enamasti vetikate v\u00f5i bakterite j\u00e4\u00e4nustest moodustunud kerogeenist. 

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P\u00f5levkivituhka tekib aastas 15 korda rohkem kui olmej\u00e4\u00e4tmeid <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f5levkivi kasutamisel tekib suures koguses j\u00e4\u00e4kprodukte \u2013 tuhka ja poolkoksi. N\u00e4iteks Eestis lisandub praeguse tempo juures umbes 5\u20137 miljonit tonni tuhka ja miljon tonni poolkoksi aastas, millest taaskasutatakse ainult v\u00e4ga v\u00e4ikest osa <\/em>(Riho M\u00f5tlep: Composition and diagenesis of oil shale industrial solid wastes (doktorit\u00f6\u00f6)). 
P\u00f5levkivituhk ehk p\u00f5letatud p\u00f5levkivi on p\u00f5levkivi p\u00f5letamisel tekkiv mineraalne materjal. Eesti p\u00f5levkivis on orgaanilise aine sisaldus kuni 50%. P\u00f5letamise k\u00e4igus j\u00e4\u00e4b tuhana j\u00e4rele umbes pool algsest p\u00f5levkivist, mis ladestatakse tuhav\u00e4ljadele, seda peamiselt Ida-Virumaal Balti ja Eesti soojuselektrijaamade l\u00e4hedal. 

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P\u00f5levkivituha omadustest<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f5levkivituhk koosneb mitmetest tavalistest looduses esinevatest mineraalidest nagu kvarts, p\u00e4evakivid, karbonaatsed mineraalid, aga ka p\u00f5letamise k\u00e4igus tekkinud uutest mineraalidest, s.h. klinkrimineraalidest, mis annavad tuhale kasulikud isetsementeeruvad omadused.  P\u00f5levkivituhk iseenesest pole loodusele kahjulik \u2013 seda v\u00f5ib kasutada v\u00e4etistena ja pinna happesuse v\u00e4hendamiseks. Balti soojuselektrijaama tuhav\u00e4ljal, mida ei kasutatud pikka aega, kasvasid kased ja erinevad taimed. Ka praegu on tuulepargiks muudetud vana tuham\u00e4gi haljastatud. Loodusele ohtlikuks muutub p\u00f5levkivituhk seda transportiva vee t\u00f5ttu, mis on v\u00e4ga aluseline. Kuigi tuhavees leitud ioonid on peamiselt samad, mis looduses, muudab k\u00f5rge pH vee keskkonnale kahjulikuks. Siiski, tuhka transportiv vesi tavaliselt ringleb ja ei p\u00e4\u00e4se s\u00fcsteemist v\u00e4lja, kuid alati j\u00e4\u00e4b v\u00f5imalus lekkeks. V\u00e4iksemate koguste puhul saab kahju samas kiiresti looduslike vete poolt \u00e4ra neutraliseeritud.

P\u00f5levkivi on maavarana laialt levinud, kuid j\u00e4\u00e4des k\u00fcttev\u00e4\u00e4rtuse ja muude omaduste poolest naftale ja kivis\u00f6ele alla, mitte nii laialt kasutatud. Suured p\u00f5levkivi varud on n\u00e4iteks Eestil, Jordaanial, USA-l, Austraalial, Kanadal, Brasiilial ja Venemaal. 

LOE LISAKS: <\/strong>Ragn-Sells suunab p\u00f5levkivituhad ringlusse<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u00f5levkivi\u00a0on\u00a0kerogeeni\u00a0sisaldav\u00a0peenkihiline\u00a0musta\u00a0v\u00f5i\u00a0pruuni\u00a0v\u00e4rvi\u00a0settekivim.\u00a0P\u00f5levkivi\u00a0koosneb\u00a0mittet\u00e4ielikult\u00a0lagunenud\u00a0orgaanilisest\u00a0ainest\u00a0(kuni\u00a070%\u00a0ulatuses) ja\u00a0mitmesugustest\u00a0mineraalidest. Orgaaniline\u00a0aines\u00a0koosneb\u00a0enamasti\u00a0vetikate\u00a0v\u00f5i\u00a0bakterite\u00a0j\u00e4\u00e4nustest\u00a0moodustunud\u00a0kerogeenist.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2423,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovatsioon","category-uncategorized"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/kaevandus.jpg",1064,709,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/kaevandus-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/kaevandus-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/kaevandus-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/kaevandus-1024x682.jpg",1024,682,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/kaevandus.jpg",1064,709,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/kaevandus.jpg",1064,709,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/kaevandus-18x12.jpg",18,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Rainer Pesti","author_link":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/author\/rainer\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"P\u00f5levkivi\u00a0on\u00a0kerogeeni\u00a0sisaldav\u00a0peenkihiline\u00a0musta\u00a0v\u00f5i\u00a0pruuni\u00a0v\u00e4rvi\u00a0settekivim.\u00a0P\u00f5levkivi\u00a0koosneb\u00a0mittet\u00e4ielikult\u00a0lagunenud\u00a0orgaanilisest\u00a0ainest\u00a0(kuni\u00a070%\u00a0ulatuses) ja\u00a0mitmesugustest\u00a0mineraalidest. Orgaaniline\u00a0aines\u00a0koosneb\u00a0enamasti\u00a0vetikate\u00a0v\u00f5i\u00a0bakterite\u00a0j\u00e4\u00e4nustest\u00a0moodustunud\u00a0kerogeenist.\u00a0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2349"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2396,"href":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2349\/revisions\/2396"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osaservice.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}